Supervisor : Nihal Ezzat Sabet, Dr. Manar Mohamed Galal. Includes Arabic Summary.Hussein, Aya Ashraf Mahmoud,2025-03-242025-03-242024.EG-CaMIUDNT Ths812 M.Sc. 2024https://iorep.miuegypt.edu.eg/handle/20.500.13071/312DISSERTATION NOTE-Degree type M.Sc.DISSERTATION NOTE-Name of granting institution Misr International University, Faculty of Oral and Dental MedicineIncludes bibliographic references.117 pages : illustrations, photo ; 29 cmEndodonticsCutting efficiency and surface topographic changes of contemporary nickel titanium file under two torque settings : (in vitro study) /كفاءة القطع والتغييرات الطبوغرافية السطحية لمبرد نيكل تيتانيوم متزامن تحت إعدادين لعزم الدوران : (دراسة معملية)