Supervisor : Fadwa Kamal, Sama Dawood. Includes Arabic Summary.Saleeb, Sandy Adel Nabih Rizk,2025-07-212025-07-212025.EG-CaMIUALS Ths850 M.Sc. 2025https://iorep.miuegypt.edu.eg/handle/20.500.13071/328DISSERTATION NOTE-Degree type M.Sc.DISSERTATION NOTE-Name of granting institution Misr International University, Faculty of Al-Alsun and Mass CommunicationIncludes bibliographical references and appendix.This comparative study investigates the efficacy of Machine Translation (MT) in translating children’s literature, specifically examining its treatment of cultural references. The selected genres for analysis are fantasy fiction and fairy tales fiction. Accordingly, the study includes short stories by Hans Christian Andersen alongside the third book in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, by J. K. Rowling. By employing a comparative and contrastive approach, the MT output, generated by ChatGPT, is analyzed against human translations. The findings offer valuable insights into the effectiveness of MT in preserving cultural identity in children's literature. The results reveal that while ChatGPT tends to produce literal translations with minimal cultural filtering, human translators employ adaptive strategies such as omission, substitution, and compensation to maintain cultural relevance. The study concludes that although MT tools are rapidly advancing, they still require human oversight to handle culturally sensitive content, particularly in texts intended for young audiences. This research ends with practical recommendations for translators, NLP engineers, and future scholars to enhance culturally aware MT systems in the Arab context. Keywords: Machine Translation, Children’s Literature, Cultural Appropriation, Fantasy, Fairy150 pages : tables ; 29 cmMachine translating